Car Mobile Phone Charger Circuit

Cellphone battery charging process when were done traveling is a big problem. Because when traveling source of power supply is generally difficult to find. If you turn on your phone then the battery continuously over time will run out within a period of five to six hours and eventually mobile phones unusable. Here is described a series of simple charger that will increase battery life two to three hours.

In principle, the charger uses a series of Limited Voltage Current Source. Generally requires cellphone battery voltage 3.6 - 6 volts DC and currents 180-200 mA to perform the charging process. Cellphone battery usually consists of three NiCd battery cells, and each cell has a voltage of 1.2 volts potential. At the speed - average low flows required to charge mobile phone battery about - about 100mA.

In this series there is a 12V voltage source consists of 8 regular battery cells (each cell 1.5 Volt) able to supply current at 1.8 A which is connected with output terminals.

The circuit is also able to monitor the battery voltage level which is in charge. And will automatically cut off the charging process when the output terminal detects a certain battery voltage level predetermined. Timer IC NE555 is used to charge and monitor the voltage level in the battery, Pin 5 (IC1) as the control voltage using a reference voltage zener voltage 5.6Volt. Voltage at Pin 6 as the threshold set by VR1 and the voltage at Pin 2 as the trigger is set by VR2.

When the cellphone battery is connected in series (the Charging Process) applied voltage on PIN2 (IC1) as a trigger would be below the value 1 / 3 Vcc and will cause the Flip-Flop in IC1 will ON and on Pin 3 (IC1) will be high (Cause transistor T1 saturation.). When the battery is full (Full Charge) then the voltage will rise and the voltage on the PIN2 (IC1) will be above the level of trigger point threshold. This will cause the Flip Flop OFF and the output will be low (transistor T1 causes the cutoff) and indirectly also the charging process will stop.

Pin 6 (Threshold IC1) is set at 2 / 3 Vcc by using VR1, transistors T1 which is used to increase the charging current. R3 value is very important to provide the charging current, by setting the value of R3 to 39 ohms then the charging current supplied approximately 180mA. This circuit can be built on any type of PCB (General Purpose PCB) for the calibration process using the DC voltage level cutoff Variable Power Supply. Connect the output terminal circuit with Variable DC Power Supply and set on 7 volts. Adjust VR1 in middle position and slowly adjust VR2 until LED1 OFF, this indicates Low Output. LED1 should turn on when the DC Variable Power Supply voltage is reduced below 5V. LED1 Status flame shown in the table below. Closed circuit with plastic casing and use a suitable connector for connecting to the Battery for Mobile.

Running Disco Light with IC 4017

The following article explains how to design a minimal Running Disco Light Circuit Diagram using IC 4017. The IC 4017 is a 16 pin dual featuring in line package IC consists of a 10 stage decade counter/barrier. further in a row in this area the IC 4017 configuration visit at this point.

Unpretentious Running Disco Light mechanism by 230V and has ceiling 800 W for every channel load. The circuit can direct in Disco mode furthermore, by concerning narrator terminal to audio transformer known, & switching S1 to audio mode. prevail on other in a row on how to design the plain Running Disco Light Circuit 

Inverter 5000W with PWM Pulse Width Modulator

Inverter 5000W with PWM

This inverter uses PWM (Pulse Width Modulator) with type IC SG3524. IC serves as a oscillator 50Hz, as a regulator of the desired output voltage. Input power ranging from 250W up to 5000W output and has. Following a series INVERTER 5000W with PWM (Pulse Width Modulator).

Schematic Inverter 5000W with PWM (Pulse Width Modulator)

Layout PCB Inverter 5000W with PWM (Pulse Width Modulator)

below is the output power settings that can be issued by this inverter:
DC voltage and Transformer "T2" winding recommendation:
Winding Power Supply
12VDC 750W P: 24V "12-0-12" / S: 220V
1500W 24VDC P: 48V "24-0-24" / S: 220V
2250w 36VDC P: 72V "36-0-36" / S: 220V
3000w 48VDC P: 96V "48-0-48" / S: 220V
3750w 60VDC P: 120V "60-0-60" / S: 220V
4500w 72VDC P: 144V "72-0-72" / S: 220V
5250w 84VDC P: 168V "84-0-84" / S: 220V

Transformer used is the transformer CT
R1 serves to regulate the voltage to 220v inverter
R2 serves to regulate the inverter output frequency of 50 or 60 Hz (as appropriate)

Schematic Audio Amplifier with IC AN214

See this circuit below :

Datasheet IC AN214

Vcc                = 6-18 V

Pout               = 4,4W

RL                  = 4 Ohm

Ft                   = 50hz - 17Khz

Icco                = 20 mA

Package         = SIP2-9

Manufactered = MATSHUSHITA

70W Audio Power Amplifier Mono

DA1562Q si a 70 W high efficiency power amplifier with diagnostic facility. The TDA1562Q contains a mono class-H BTL output power amplifier.At low output power, up to 18 W, the device operates as a normal BTL amplifier.

70W Audio Power Amplifier Mono Circuit Diagram 

When a larger output voltage swing is required, the internal supply voltage is lifted by means of the external electrolytic capacitors. Due to this momentarily higher supply voltage the obtainable output power is 70 W.

The heatsink should be designed for use with music signals. If the case temperature exceeds 120 °C, the device will switch back from class-H to class-B operation. The high power supply voltage is then disabled and the output power is limited to 20 W. When the supply voltage drops below the minimum operating level, the amplifier will be muted immediately.

00 To 99 Minute Timer Using PIC16F628A Microcontroller

his might be a good practice project for beginners who just started learning embedded electronics. It is about making a very basic programmable digital timer using a PIC16F628A microcontroller. The timer duration can be set from 0-99 minutes.

As I mentioned earlier, the microcontroller used in this project is PIC16F628A running at 4.0 MHz clock using an external crystal. An HD44780 based 16×2 character LCD is the main display unit of the project where you can watch and set the timer duration using tact switch inputs. There are three tact switches connected to RB0 (Start/Stop), RB1 (Unit), and RB2 (Ten) pins. You can select the timer interval from 0-99 min using Unit and Ten minute switches. The Start/Stop switch is for toggling the timer ON and OFF. When the timer gets ON, a logic high signal appears on the RA3 pin, which can be used to switch on a Relay. The circuit diagram of this project is described below.

When the device is powered ON, the microcontroller initializes the LCD display and shows the following message. The timer is initially OFF and so does the LED or relay, whichever is connected to RA3 pin. You can set time duration between 00-99 min (in step of 1 min) using the Unit and Ten tact switches. Each switch press will increment the corresponding time digit.

When the desired time is set, press the Start/Stop switch to turn ON the timer. The RA3 pin goes high (LED glows) and the count down begins. When the timer is ON, the remaining time is also shown on the LCD screen. When the time elapsed, the timer stops and the LED turns OFF. You can interrupt and stop the timer at anytime by pressing the Start/Stop switch once more. The firmware for PIC is developed using mikroC Pro for PIC compiler. The use of Timers are avoided for simplicity. The time delays are created using the Delay_ms() function of mikroC, which seems to give reasonably accurate timing delays.

Download Mikroc Source Code And HEX File

Car Subwoofers

Youll notice a group of cars leaving you by with the aim of sound like its a subwoofer on wheels. Cool, directly? Well, if you intend to in fact hear your song, systems like these are horrible. 

Its sunny to comprise subwoofers now your usage - they add low to your car speakers simply cant yield. How get something done you match your subwoofers to your system?

If youregarding speakers are not overly loud, its not needed intended for you to add subwoofers to facilitate are overly powerful. All youre leaving to get by having powerful subwoofers and weak speakers is a car with the intention of sounds like its a subwoofer on wheels.

If you own a soprano powered car audio deck pushing 25 - 40 watts RMS otherwise further into upgraded speakers otherwise youwith reference to using an peripheral amplifier to power them, at that time you can develop on behalf of upper powered subwoofers.

Slightly subwoofers stylish the 300 - 500 watt RMS range preference be present lots. If you add two subwoofers, next you would have 600 - 1000 watts RMS of low power - tos a fortune.

However, if you arrange a 4-channel amplifier powering your front and rear speakers with the intention of is as long as 80 - 120 watts RMS to every presenter, persons speakers are ready to cooperate very loud while the volume is bowed up. fashionable this job, adding up a pair off of subwoofers to can switch 1000 watts RMS both want be present new than adequate.

Balancing your method: In order to cause the low to match the sound of the speakers, youll need to fork the amplifier benefit control all the way down while the deck is bowed up to almost 75% - harmony is individual before a live audience through the speakers. by the side of the same moment in time, organize not add slightly low to the speakers through the decks equalizer, create trusty the low is on level nil (0), otherwise even somewhat downbeat (-1, -2, -3). This choice ensure the speakers to facilitate are live by the side of 75% volume are delivering very small distortion. Your composition could sound uncoordinated with no a delivery of deep, next to chief.

Right away, lead to to the amplifier powering the subwoofers and little by little metamorphose the reward control up, while your deck is still by 75% volume before a live audience the speakers. maintain tuning the gain control up until the subwoofers are delivering sufficient low to match the sound near-term on show of the speakers. at the moment your song doesnt sound so discomfited. The low is now blended into the mids and highs of the speakers, giving you a really astounding sounding routine. benefit from!

200W Stereo High Power Amplifier LM3886

This audio amplifier designed uses two LM3886 per channel, in parallel circuit, based on the PA100 parallel amplifier detailed in National Semiconductors application note - AN1192. This amplifier can deliver about 50W into a 8-ohm speaker and 100W into a 4-ohm speaker. This is a stereo amplifier and therefore 4 LM3886s are used.

The LM3886 circuit is in a non-inverted configuration, so the input impedance is determined by the input resistor R1, i.e. 47k. The 680 ohm and 470pF resistor capacitor filter network is used to filter out the high frequency noise at the RCA input. The 220pF C4 and C8 capacitors are used to shot out the high frequency noise at the LM3886 input pins.

I used high quality audio grade capacitors at several locations: 1uF Auricap at the input for DC blocking, 100uF Blackgate for C2 and C6, and 1000uF Blackgate at the supply filter.

LM3886 Power Amplifier Schematics

The PCB is designed in a way that the power ground is separated from the signal ground, as you can see from the below layout. The signal ground is located in the middle and surrounded by the power ground. There is a thin trace near C5 connecting them. The PCB layout is done by using PADS PowerPCB 5.0. I think it is a powerful layout software.

Amplifier Printed Circuit Board (PCB)

Amplifier Printed Circuit Board Bottom

Amplifier Printed Circuit Board Top

Amplifier Printed Circuit Board

Amplifier Power Supply
The power supply used is a regulated power supply. I used 10000uF per rail before the LT1083 regulator. After the regulator, I have 100uF on the regulator board. The advantage of using regulator is that the power supply ripple voltage is removed. If power regulation is not used, I can hear very little 50/100Hz hum from the speaker.

The high current MUR860 diode is used to ensure high current flow. The voltage regulator used is LT1083, it can provide about 8A of current. Transformer used here is a 500VA 2x 25V. The power supply is then regulated by 2 LT1083, after the regulation, the voltage is 30V.

Power Supply Recomended

I did some DC measurement and the result is quite good, I got 7 mV of DC offset at the speaker terminal. The voltage difference between the output of the 2 chips is less then 1 mV.

The sound of this amplifier is similar to my LM3875 amplifier, which is very clean and detail. It has no hum, no hiss and no noise. Compared to the LM3875 Gainclone, this amp can deliver twice the power to my 4-ohm speaker, and it improves the dynamics and bass punch a lot.

Source :http://www.shine7.com/audio/pa100.htm

L297 Stepper Motor Controller Circuits

L297 Stepper Motor Controller Circuits

Four appearance drive signals for two appearance bipolar and four appearance unipolar footfall motors in microcomputer-controlled appliance is calmly implemented application L29 Stepper Motor Controller IC. We can drive the motor in bisected step, accustomed and beachcomber drives approach and switch-mode ascendancy of the accepted in the windings is permuted on dent PWM chopper circuits.



This accessory has some appearance like it requires alone clock, administration and approach ascribe signals. Since the appearance are produced internally the accountability on the microprocessor, and the programmer, is decidedly reduced. This accessory is army in DIP20 and SO20 packages. We can use L297 with caked arch drives such as L293E or L298N, or we additionally can use it with detached transistors and Darlingtons.

High Quality Mosfet Amplifier

High Quality Mosfet Power Amplifier . These amplifiers circuit can be used for virtually any application that requires high performance, low use Noise, distortion and excellent sound quality. Examples would be subwoofer amplifier should FOH stage Amplifiers, surround a canal a very powerful sound amplifier, etc. The 400W MOSFET-amplifier has four key stages of amplification. We are looking to start any Phase appropriate detail.

Schematics Diagram 400W MOSFET Amplifier

As the name suggests All Q ,C and ZD the Bias and buffer phases. Its main goal is to provide a stable MOSFET Gates and offset voltage and the voltage buffer amplifier stage of the High Resource capacity. What would have without the phase response and the effect Slew rate is indeed very bad. The flip side of the coin is not the extra step Introduction of an additional dominant pole in the amplifier feedback loop.

Also to what the name suggests this stage converts the voltage developed in the VAS and provides all the amps required to drive at 8 or 4 ohms. 2-ohm loads are possible for several minutes at a time. In fact, I have tested more than 1600 1kW amplifier Watts RMS at 2 ohms. But that would not be recommended as a long-term exposure at all. If it is higher than the figures of the STI-amp. Power to the AV amplifier 800 The components of the power for this amplifier are as follows, and are favored A channel or a power module alone. 1 toroidal transformer with a rating of 1kVA. Primary windings are made to fit.

source:[link]

Anti Log Converter Schematic Circuits

Anti-Log Converter Schematic Circuits

Anti-log or exponential bearing is artlessly a amount of rearranging the logarithmic circuitry. The ambit diagram beneath shows the chip of the log adapted to accomplish an exponential achievement from a beeline input.

The emitter of Q2 in admeasurement to the ascribe voltage is apprenticed by amplifier A1 in affiliation with transistor Q1. The beneficiary accepted of Q2 varies exponentially with the emitter-base voltage.

65W Power Amplifier Circuits with HEXFET

65W Power Amplifier Circuits with HEXFET

A average ability amplifier that is characterized by a lot of acceptable complete quality, but accompanying is actual simple in the construction. Him uses, abundant time in my alive loudspeakers. In his achievement date abide the actual acceptable FET transistors, technology HEXFET, transistor which are controlled by voltage and no by accepted as the classically bipolar transistors. The ambit has balanced designing, absolute appropriately the harmonic baloney problem.



All the transistors that are acclimated in the ambit are simple and they abide in big clearings in the market. The pairs of cogwheel amplifiers Q1-2 and Q3-4 should be akin amid them and abreast the one in the other. Appropriately you can buy abundant transistors of types BC550C and BC560C, and with a multimeter you bout amid them creating pairs with aforementioned characteristics, ensuring appropriately compatible behavior in the temperature changes etc. Networks RC from the R7/C3 and R12/C4 abatement the bandwidth of cogwheel amplifiers and ability amplifier in the 6.5MHZ. Resistors R8-9-10-11 action as bounded acknowledgment in the cogwheel amplifiers convalescent the linearity. The cogwheel amplifiers are supplied with connected accepted from him accepted sources Q5 and Q6. The bent of accepted sources becomes from the aggregate of diodes LED D1, D2 and R20.



This becomes because the aggregate transistor/LED ensures big thermic stability, for this acumen should they are in actual abreast ambit [1]. With the TR1 trimmer we adapt the bent accepted of achievement ability stage. For this acumen Q8 should acquisition itself on the heatsink so that it ensures thermic adherence in the bias, so that it does not change with the temperature changes. The resistors R32-33 appearance a bounded acknowledgment bronchus in the achievement stage, because this functions as voltage amplifier.



With the TR1, R3-4, C14 we adapt the amplifier achievement DC account voltage, abreast in the zero. The transistors Q8-10-11-12-13, [Fig.1] should are placed on heatsink, abacus amid the transistors and the heatsink of acceptable affection leaves mica and ointment. Inductor L1 is constituted by 6 coils of cloistral cupreous wire of bore 1.5mm, with centralized inductor bore of 16mm

Sound Operated Switch

This sensitive sound operated switch can be used with a dynamic microphone insert as above, or be used with an electret (ECM) microphone. If an ECM is used then R1 (shown dotted) will need to be included. A suitable value would be between 2.2k and 10kohms.

Sound Operated Switch Circuit diagram

The two BC109C transitors form an audio preamp, the gain of which is controlled by the 10k preset.  The output is further amplified by a BC182B transistor. To prevent instability the preamp is decoupled with a 100u capacitor and 1k resistor. The audio voltage at the collector of the BC182B is rectified by the two 1N4148 diodes and 4.7u capacitor. This dc voltage will directly drive the BC212B transistor and operate the relay and LED.

It should be noted that this circuit does not "latch". The relay and LED operate momentarily in response to audio peaks.

Stereo tone control with loudness and filter

Tone control circuit is used to adjust the tones before entering the amplifier. Tone control over equipped with a loudness and filter directly without using the switch to disconnected or connected. Part of his filter that is C1 and R1 from ground to input , and for his loudness on the R4 and C3 are connected to the input and then go to VR1. C2 and R3 go from ground to the input . After the input is set by volume or VR1 then procesed again by treebel ie C8 , R13 , R14 , and VR2 . Bass on R10 , R11, R12 , C7 ,C8 , and VR3. For supply voltages has been given a stabilization in Q3. See schematic below :

Click to view larger

Part list :
R1 = 100K
R2 = 50K trim
R3 = 22K
R4 = 15K
R5 = 1K
R6 = 4K7
R7 = 330K
R8 = 330K
R9 = 3K3
R10= 5K6
R11= 8K2
R12= 5K6
R13= 1K
R14= 1K
R15= 50K TRIM
R16= 50K TRIM
R17= 330K
R18= 4K7
R19= 47K
R20= 1K
R21= 4K7
R22= 2K2
R23= 100R
R24= 22K
C1 = 15n
C2 = 15n
C3 = 560p
C4 = 4u7
C5 = 33u
C6 = 4n7
C7 = 39n
C8 = 39n
C9 = 4u7
C10=4u7
C11=470u
C12=100u
Q1 = C1815
Q2 = C828
D1 = Green Led

This tone control is suitable with 150W OCL power amplifier type 036.But the schematic is mono, if you need a stereo tone control you must duplicate the components  and  circuit.

Installation the stereo tone control

Audio Amplifer Circuit 230W With MOSFET IRFP240 9240

Audio Amplifer Circuit 230W With MOSFET IRFP240,9240

Here is simple LED-power audio amplifier ambit with MOSFET amplifier TL071C and 2 may be up to 45 W into 8 ohms. For MOSFET IRFP240 and IRFP9240 are acclimated assurance with accessory can now be these modification.

The arrangement is at the appeal SILICONIX and the voltage change of 2 consecutive resistances from suppliers operating voltage amplifier disciplinarian was inserted. MOSFET charge be army on at atomic one condenser 1K / W.

Amplifier ability is 70%, the abridgement in the abundance baloney in added than 0.2% at 20 Hz at 8 ohms and 10W. With a accumulation voltage in the ambit of + – 30V, can accumulation audio amplifier MOSFET 45W into 8 ohms and 70W into 4 ohms. Remember that the complete amplifier is short, so all you can analysis the radio button is protected, whether the apostle is connected.

FM Radio Transmitter schematic with pcb

For those of you like / love to talk in the air can assemble this simple circuit that can be received by the radio receiver to within a few hundred feet. The voice that issues by this circuit at all clear without rustling. Can also be used to link communications over the air using this radio transmitter, provided that other person also had the same circuit.

This PCB design :

Description :

Resistor
R1__________________1K
R2__________________18K
R3__________________82K
R4__________________1K2
R5__________________5K6
R6__________________39K
R7__________________18K
R8__________________68K
R9__________________470R
R10_________________100R
R11_________________50K

XTal
Q1__________________ Crystal according to the desired frequency

Inductor
L1__________________10uH


Capacitor
C1__________________10uF
C2__________________30uF
C3__________________20uF
C4__________________47uF

Transistor
Tr1_________________2SB175
Tr2_________________2SB175
Tr3_________________2SB178

Antenna
X1-1________________10-20 meters

Connector
X2-1________________Ground
X2-2________________VCC 9-12 Volts DC
X3-1________________Input
X3-2________________Ground

Addition variable gain amplifier

Variable gain above is a circuit that is used to increase signal strength in dB , needed in a circuit of gains if the range is less reinforcement amplifier input signal, and the required input signal must be high enough so that the circuit is less then the maximum amplifier sound output. For the use of gain can be placed and connected directly to the input amplifier.

Part List :
R1___15K
R2___4K7
R3___15K
R4___4K7
R5___180R
R6___2K
RV1__10K Trim
U1___NE5532

Simple Inverter Circuit from 12 V up to 120V elevated

This is a simple 120 V : 24 V , center - tapped (CT) control transformer and four additional components can do the operation. This circuit outputs a clean about 120 volt - 200 volt at 60 Hz and can supply up to 20 Watt. The circuit is self starting and free running. See this simple inverter circuit below :

Transistor Q1 and Q2 use 2N5877 or similarity .If Q1 is faster and higher gain than Q2 , it will turn on first when aplly the input power and will hold Q2. Load current and the transformer magnetizing current the flows in the upper half of primary coil, and auto transformer supplies the base drive (two transistor) unti the transformer saturates.The transformator can use the 3A CT transformer an use the secondary coil for input and primary coil use to output, And input use the 12 volt secondary coil. Use 12 battery to power input , such as 12 V accu.

You can use the circuit at the time of death PLN electricity , using 12 volt battery or accu , you can turn n a fluorescent lamp or neon light.

12 Volt Nicad Battery charger

This circuit can be charged the 12 nicad battery , and the circut charger at 75mA until  until the battery is fully , when the battery is fully the voltage to be down . This charge can charged fully in a hour , because the charge cant quickly charged , But the charge can stabilized output voltage.


See this charger schematic below :

Video Signal Amplifier Using with LH0024

Overview
The construction of the circuit has been increased to highlight and amplify video signals for further frequencies on image clarity.

Video Signal Amplifier Circuit diagram

Terminology

LH0024 – IC small signal IC designed for general purpose switching and amplification due to its low voltage, low voltage and three different win the election 1N4148 – silicon small signal diode planar epitaxial used for fast switching applications with a reverse voltage of 100 V and forward current of 150 mA

Circuit Explanation

In a video output signal is the high rate of frames selected for amplification of producing a finer. This is possible by placing the track between the video device and the reception lobby, where the video port of the television receiver is inserted. The construction is done simply by exploiting the operation of three transistors instead of IC and other supporting elements.

An isolator operating in the first phase of the Q1, which provides an interface for input impedance. Q2 manage the second phase, which leads to the common base configuration. In this phase, determine the earnings TR2 250 ohms cutting the lawn. To adjust TR2, it must be placed where an output voltage of 1 Vp-p is present, with a load of 75 ohms. The frequency response is regulated by a combination of R6, C3, and 500 ohms TR1. An output buffer is completed by Q3 of the third phase which provides an airline pilot with 75 ohms. The range of the circuit is stabilized with 12 V and 50 mA.

IR illuminator for Night Vision Tv Cameras and Scopes

This source uses LEDs and an astable oscillator to control the switch, duty-cycle, and effective IR illumination output.

 Circuit Diagram

Hearing aids circuit

Commercially available hearing aids are expensive. Here is a cheap hearing aid circuit that uses only four transistors and some passive components. In moving the power switch S to on position, the condenser microphone detects the sound signal, which is amplified by transistor T1 and T2.

Now the amplified signal through coupling capacitor C3 to the basic Transistor T3. Signal further amplified by T4 to a PNP transistor drive low impedance earphones. Capacitors C4 and C5 is the power supply decoupling capacitor. This circuit can be easily installed in small, general purpose PCB or Vero board. It operates off of DC supply of 3V. For this, You can use two small 1.5V cells. Continue to switch S to the state off when circuit is not used. To increase the sensitivity of the condenser microphone, the house in a small tube. This fee circuit around Rs 65.

LED Flasher Circuit Using 555 Timer IC

This is a simple LED flasher project that uses a common 555 timer IC for its operation. It is configured as an astable mode which means that its output is a square wave oscillator. Two LEDs are connected to its output in such a way that when one LED is ON, the other LED will turn OFF. 

It uses only 10 simple parts that are easily available at any electronic shops. Capacitor C2 charges exponentially through resistors R1, R2 and the resistance of the trimpot. When C2 has charged to about 2/3 VCC it stops charging and it discharges to about 1/3 VCC through R2 and the trimpot resistance via pin 7. This is the standard operation of a 555 timer. When a Vcc of 5 V to 15 V DC is applied to the circuit, the LED will start to flash.

The frequency of the flashing can be changed by varying the resistance of the potentiometer or trimpot. Parts List The parts list of the simple LED project is as shown below.

Multi-Tone Siren

This
multi-tone siren is useful for burglar alarms, reverse horns, etc. It
produces five different audio tones and is much more ear-catching than a
single-tone siren. The circuit is built around popular CMOS
oscillator-cum-divider IC 4060 and small audio amplifier LM386. IC 4060
is used as the mult-itone generator. A 100µH inductor is used at the
input of IC 4060. So it oscillates within the range of about 5MHz RF. IC
4060 itself divides RF signals into AF and ultrasonic ranges. Audio
signals of different frequencies are available at pins 1, 2, 3, 13 and
15 of IC 4060 (IC1).

These
multi-frequency signals are mixed and fed to the audio amplifier built
around IC LM386. The output of IC2 is fed to the speaker through
capacitor C9. If you want louder sound, use power amplifier TBA810 or
TDA1010. Only five outputs of IC1 are used here as the other five
outputs (pins 4 through 7 and 14) produce ultrasonic signals, which are
not audible. Assemble the circuit on a general-purpose PCB and enclose
in a suitable cabinet. Regulated 6V-12V (or a battery) can be used to
power the circuit.

Automatic Water Pump Controller Circuit

Automatic water pump controller is a series of functions to control the Automatic Water Pump Controller Circuit in a reservoir or water storage. As the water level sensor made with a metal plate mounted on the reservoir or water tank, with a sensor in the short to create the top level and a detection sensor for detecting long again made the lower level and ground lines connected to the bottom of reservoirs or reservoir. The series of automatic water pump controller is designed with 2 inputs NOR by 4 pieces and relay that is activated by the transistor. Automatic water pump circuit requires +12 VDC voltage source and can be used to control the water pump is connected to AC power . Here is the complete series of pictures.

Series Automatic Water Pump Controller 

List Component Automatic Water Pump Controller 

R1 = 15K 

R2 = 15K 

R3 = 10K 

R4 = 1K 

D1 = LED 

D2 = 1N4148 

Q1 = BC337 

IC1 = 4001 

SW = SPDT Switches 

Relay RL1 = 12V 

The working principle series of automatic water pump controller above is. At the time the water level is below both sensors, the output IC1C (pin 10) will be LOW, Kemudin when the water began to touch the lower level sensor, the output IC1C (pin10) remains LOW until the water touches the sensor level above, then the output IC1C (pin 10) going HIGH and active relay through Q1 and turn on the water pump to meguras reservoir. At the muli down and water level sensors for water untouched MKA IC1C output (pin 10) remains HIGH until the new water untouched semuasensor IC1C output (pin 10) LOW and water pump died. The series of automatic water pump controller is equipped with SW1 which serves to reverse the logic of drains (the output of IC1C) and the concept of water supplied (output dri IC1D). When SW1 is connected to IC1D the water pump will turn on when the water does not touch all the sensors and will die when all the sensors tesentuh water. Automatic water pump controller can be used to fill or drain the water according to which mode is selected via SW1.

Very Simple Peak Indicator Circuit

This series is made to indicate that the amplifier has been given the maximum signal, the amplifier has the ability to be at its peak. if the lights do not mean the signal-plus volume. the way it works is the LED lights will light up when given a signal that more than 1.8 volts, the average amplifier will be saturated (maximum) if the signal was given more than this. 

The circuit is very simple to the point that we forget that making a series of peak signal can in this way. circuit is mounted on the output tone control IC, master mixer output, or input power amplifier. This series does not impose on other circuits. survived the experiment!

Main function of TV tuner

The main function of the tuner is to select the RF signals from the desired frequency spectrum wave on VHF and UHF and more signs in the air Changing RF variable into a fixed IF frequency and to provide sufficient strengthening to cover the original data that has been transmitted.

Block diagram of a series of TV tuner to receive the frequency VHF / UHF

Operational Tuner [Theoretical]

Tuner is controlled by a microprocessor in the TV chassis, which functions to receive / select a frequency. Exchange of information is channeled through the terminal Address, Clock and Data.

In the tuner, there are ICs that function to translate the instruction / data so that the tuner can function to select the desired frequency. The IC consists of some combination of series, including PLL, Local Oscillator [VCO], Mixer and IF amplifier. Everything artifacts in one chip / one chip. For further analysis, CXA3135 IC with I2C format will be taken as an example.

LMD18200 Motor Controller Schematic

Using the LMD18200 3A H-Bridge designed by National Semiconductors for motion control applications can be designed a very simple motor controller electronic project . Ideal for driving DC and stepper motors; the LMD18200 accommodates peak output currents up to 6A. An innovative circuit which facilitates low-loss sensing of the output current has been implemented.

LMD18200 Motor Controller Schematic

This circuit controls the current through the motor by applying an average voltage equal to zero to the motor terminals for a fixed period of time, whenever the current through the motor exceeds the commanded current. This action causes the motor current to vary slightly about an externally controlled average level. The duration of the Off-period is adjusted by the resistor and capacitor combination of the LM555.

Using this motor driver circuit you can design a 24 DC motor that require a maximum current consumption of 3 amperes .

Creating a stereo amplifier with TDA2003

Here I make a stereo power amplifier with IC TDA2003, but actually i made it with 2 IC , so that a stereo amplifier . Construction is very simple and easy. I only need 2 TDA2003 mono amplifier circuit , and then combined into one.

Then the transformer ,  the transformer that i use here is the transformer 10A , so that the power released is greater. Grid power amplifier using the former from the box 10A adaptor , :-) decent can still be used . To view the location of components inside the box , see below :

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Wow .,.,this amplifier is very good if using a transformer 10A, issued no buzzing sound , and strong for high bass , just nice deehh..,.,,.,.