What Must todo

Below are three examples of controlling a relay from the PCs parallel printer port (LPT1 or LPT2). Figure A shows a solid state relay controlled by one of the parallel port data lines (D0-D7) using a 300 ohm resistor and 5 volt power source. The solid state relay will energize when a "0" is written to the data line. Figure B and C show mechanical relays controlled by two transistors. The relay in figure B is energized when a "1" is written to the data line and the relay in figure C is energized by writing a "0" to the line. In each of the three circuits, a common connection is made from the negative side of the power supply to one of the port ground pins (18-25).

Parallel Port Relay Interface  Schematic



There are three possible base addresses for the parallel port You may need to try all three base addresses to determine the correct address for the port you are using but LPT1 is usually at Hex 0378. The QBasic "OUT" command can be used to send data to the port. OUT, &H0378,0 sets D0-D7 low and OUT, &H378,255 sets D0-D7 high. The parallel port also provides four control lines (C0,C1,C2,C3) that can be set high or low by writing data to the base address+2 so if the base address is Hex 0378 then the address of the control latch would be Hex 037A. Note that three of the control bits are inverted so writing a "0" to the control latch will set C0,C1,C3 high and C2 low.

The series below is a simple inverter circuit that will change the voltage of 12v dc to 220v ac, with use drive transistor 32 as its tip.
Inverter circuit is very simple and easy to assemble and is perfect for just starting to learn to assemble electronic circuits, you can use the transformer 2A to produce about 20 watts output. Do not forget to install coolers in its transistors. good luck.

Television set equipped with a circuit protector, then there are several possibilities that could occur if there is a problem on one of the circuits. Protect circuit horizontal part - When turned on the horizontal plane will live for a while, but then died again. At the time of death when measured on the horizontal driver indicates that no drive signal. If the power jack unplugged then try to turn on again then repeated a similar incident will happen again. But if if the base of the transistor or transistor try to open removable drive signal was viable.

Protect circuit of microcontroll - If checked the voltage at pin microcontrol power on-off control, power control is turned on when the plane going "on" for a while then back "off". If you unplugged the power jack will power "on" again, but briefly and then keep coming back "off". On certain models sometimes die when the aircraft was marked with the blazing LED indicators blink. Protect circuit tube - aircraft can be turned on but a dark raster. 

Tested voltage raster screen can be raised to normal flame or flame a horizontal line. Protect circuit the power supply - if enabled aircraft B + voltage of power supply there for a while but then lost or drops. Or the power supply voltage drops and there is but little rocking voltage, which is caused due to power supply to the death over and over again and again. There are models of televisions that do not use the protector system at all, there is only one system that uses a surge protector, but there are also some systems which use a surge protector as well. System protectors are made available for specific purposes. Keep track of the damage that led to protect circuit is sometimes difficult, because it always turns itself off the plane before we can make measurements. By getting to know a wide range of system protectors and understand how it works it will help overcome these difficulties.

Various kinds of protectors television system:

The switching regulator power supply used LM2575-5.0 on this schematic.
You can make the stable voltage by using the 3 terminal regulator like LM317. However, because the output electric current and the inputted electric current are the same approximately, the difference between the input electric power (The input voltage x The input electric current) and the output power (The output voltage x The output current) is consumed as the heat with the regulator. Because it is, the efficiency isn�t good.

Data sheet for LM2575

SIMPLE SWITCHER 1A Step-Down Voltage Regulator

Memory group called Read Only Memory also has characteristics that match the name. Existing data in ROM, this is data that has been entered by the manufacturer. The data already contained in it can not be changed again through the normal process, and can only be read only. There are pieces of data in ROM is used for the identity of the computer itself. It is stored in the BIOS (Basic Input Output System). There are also data contained in this module was first accessed by a computer when it boots. Sequences contained in this module and are accessed the first time when the computer is turned on is called bootstrapping.

In this bootstrap process, carried out some instructions such as checking the internal components supporting the work of at least one computer system, such as checking ALU, CU, BUS supporter of the motherboard and processor, check the main BIOS, check the graphics card BIOS, check the Memory Module, check for the presence Secondary Storage which can be a floppy disk, hard disk, or CD-ROM drive, then just check the MBR (Master Boot Record) of the storage media designated by the BIOS (in the Boot Sequence). The following will be discussed types of ROM and its development.

PROM (Programmable ROM)

ROM provides an opportunity for users to modify data stored by default. A device called PROM programmer in charge of "burn" (burn in) this chip. With a strong electric current bit location will burn and showed a value (0 or 1). After going through the process burningin, this PROM can no longer be changed contents.

EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM)

This chip is the development of PROM. Only, this EPROM can be erased its previous contents using ultraviolet light. These rays pass through a gap in the collection of chips. Thus, the charge stored can be released. In other words, EPROM can be erased with ultraviolet light and reprogrammed electrically.

EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM)

This chip is not much different from the EPROM, EEPROM data but can be removed without the use of ultraviolet light. Just use electrical pulses (electrical pulses). Types of ROM such as PROM, EPROM and 

EEPROM memory is classified into stable (nonvolatile memories). That is, these three types of ROM memory will keep its data even when not fed by electrical current. In development, the EEPROM chip has been used for the BIOS of a motherboard. By using the technique of "flash", the contents of the BIOS can be made later (update). However, the danger of flashable BIOS is all people can change the contents, including viruses. If you have been changed by a virus, then used a computer motherboard that will not be used again.

We all know that brand names matter when purchasing car audio hardware. There are brands that are surely more reputable than others. When you are at the store and they offer choice after choice after choice, suddenly you feel overwhelmed on what really to buy. But you can be assured of one thing, if they offer you an Alpine car stereo you can’t go wrong with it.

Alpine car stereo and electronics, founded in 1978, is a world leader in the industry of high performance mobile electronics. They specialize in mobile multimedia, an integrated system approach incorporating digital entertainment, security and navigation products for the mobile entertainment.

Alpine car stereos are a new breed of units which feature the convergence of high performance audio, video, navigation and telematics in the form of Mobile Multimedia. Navigation systems act as the resource center of the Alpine car stereo Mobile Multimedia lineup. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), DVD players, Dolby Digital systems, satellite digital audio radio, mobile data linking and communication through telematics devices will be fused with navigation systems to create a platform of products. Mobile Multimedia integrates Alpines innovative audio, video, security and navigation products, as well as its new GUI for Drivers, human interface and information communications technology.

To grasp what the Alpine car stereo Mobile Multimedia is, take a look at the IVA-D901 Alpine car stereo Mobile Multimedia Station/CD/DVD Receiver/Ai-NET Controller.

The IVA-D901 has 400% more pixels than a conventional in-vehicle display, meaning that it has 1.15 million pixel elements. It has 50W x 4 built-in power and 3 PreOuts (4 volt), SAT Radio ready, a Hard Disc Drive (HDD), and Alpine car stereo Navigation. Key features include:

- 7" Fully Motorized Wide Screen Monitor

- 18W x 4 MOSFET Amplifier

- Built-in Dolby Digital/DTS Decoder

- Bass Engine® Plus

- Subwoofer Level Control

- Bass Center Frequency Control

- Bass Band Width Adjustment

- Treble Center Frequency Control

- Subwoofer Phase Selector

- Bass Type Control

- 4-Ch Digital Time Correction

- 3 Position 12 dB/Oct Crossover

- MediaXpander™

- SAT Radio Ready

- MP3 Text Information Display

- Quick Search Function

- CD/CD-R Playback

- CD Text, Text Display, Text Scroll

- M DAC

- MaxTune SQ Tuner

- 3 Auxilliary A/V Inputs with Remote Control Input

- Dedicated Navigation Input

- Dedicated Camera Input

- 2 Auxilliary Monitor A/V Outputs

- Navigation Audio Mix

- 3 PreOuts (4 volt)

- MM Driver (Hard Disc Drive) Ready

- MobileHub Ready

- Ai-NET Control Center DVD/CD/MP3 Changer Controller

- "Digital Art" Spectrum Analyzer Display

- RUE-4190 Universal Wireless Remote Control Included

If these all seems too much for you, Alpine car stereos also have more conventional head units to offer. The CDA-9835 Alpine car stereo In-Dash CD Player/Ai-Changer Controller lets you fully customize both illumination and sound, with a range of 512 colors and super-versatile Bass Engine functions like digital time correction and parametric EQ. You can download audio parameter settings and connect and control as many as eight amps. The BioLite display, Menu key and rotary knob make operation extremely easy.

Like most Alpine car stereo units, it is also SAT Radio Ready, giving you a much greater choice of listening options than ordinary local AM/FM radio. You can select from among a wide range of music genres, news, sports, and talk programs with digital quality anywhere.

 

One of the most important speakers in any system, the subwoofer is often relegated to a back corner and nearly forgotten. At Energy, however, we invest a great deal of design time and effort into building the industry’s best subwoofers, offering unparalleled performance and flexibility. The ESW-M8 is no exception. The ESW-M8 subwoofer delivers deep, accurate effects with 1200 peak watts of room-filling power—all from a 9-inch cube.

The ESW-M8 features an 8-inch anodized aluminum cone woofer with Ribbed Elliptical Surround for tight and powerful bass response and two 8-inch anodized aluminum cone passive radiators that eliminate port noise that allows for deep bass extension. With a variable low pass filter of 50Hz-200Hz, you get versatile blending using the built-in crossover or your surround processor. The furniture grade high gloss black cabinet provides versatility and will blend into your décor. It’s the ideal companion to any front, center, and surround channels, whether you’re looking to achieve a 5.1 system or a 5.1 on the Richter scale.

This tiny beast features our patented Ribbed Elliptical Surrounds, which mates perfectly with a powerful amplifier to provide your audio experience with plenty of pure bass. The Ribbed Elliptical Surrounds that encircle Energys products woofers are unlike any other. By changing the shape of the speaker surround to an ellipse, rather than the traditional "half roll," distortion is reduced dramatically. Side benefits include increased excursion and larger piston area, allowing for greater efficiency. Energys cast basket woofers also feature this technology, allowing the surround to stretch and contract as it moves, eliminating dimpling.

The featured power switch can be set to either On, Off or Auto. If the switch is in the Off position, the subwoofer will not power up. If the switch is in the On position, it will constantly remain on. If the switch is set to the Auto position, when a signal is present the subwoofer will turn on and will automatically turn off several minutes after a signal is no longer present.

The low-pass filter control allows for the adjustment of the low-pass filter. Adjustments can infinitely be made from 50Hz to 200Hz. This will determine the highest frequency that the subwoofer will reproduce for a custom sound fitted to your room. Setting the crossover too low will create a gap between the frequency response of the front speakers and that of the subwoofer, while setting the crossover frequency too high will create a doubling of certain frequencies, making the music sound boomy.

The phase control switch allows for the adjustment of the phase of the subwoofer, in relation to the speakers used in your system, from 0 to 180 degrees, to give your home theater system the right balance. This control ensures that the subwoofer operates in phase with the rest of the system, as an out of phase subwoofer will either sound like it is lacking in bass performance or that its timing is off. This setting will be determined by your listening position, the characteristics of your listening room and its interaction with your Energy subwoofer.

Energy, admittedly, is a bold name for a speaker. Fortunately for you, you’re looking at some highly dynamic audio generators. We’re talking crystal clear dialogue. Big booms, bangs, and ka-thuds from your favorite flicks. And music that’ll rock your soul. That’s what you get when teams of dedicated engineers work alongside expert designers. For more than 30 years, they’ve been researching the scientific principles of sound and using the most modern materials available. They’ve fine-tuned each speaker according to the three major aspects of loudspeaker performance: wide dispersion, low distortion, and flat frequency response. And they’ve customized and re-customized every little component, resulting in one-of-a-kind modifications like our patented Ribbed Elliptical Surrounds, for better bass, and the Convergent Source Module (CSM), for accurate sound. And, while all that audio research is great, in the end all that matters is that when you crank the volume, what you’ll hear is sound perfected. What you’ll feel is pure Energy.